ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION

 

Fundamentals of Nucleation and Growth 

 

by Alexander Milchev

 

CONTENTS

Preface                                                                                                     

1. THERMODYNAMICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NUCLEATION   

      1.1 General concepts

        1.1.1 Electrochemical potential and the state of thermodynamic equilibrium

        1.1.2 Electrochemical supersaturation  

    1.2 Nucleation work                

        1.2.1 General formulation          

        1.2.2 Classical nucleation theory         

    1.3 Theory of mean separation works       

        1.3.1 The concept half-crystal position           

        1.3.2 The concept mean separation work            

        1.3.3 The crystal-solution equilibrium and the nucleation work 

    1.4 Atomistic considerations 

2. KINETICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NUCLEATION

    2.1 General formulation 

        2.1.1 Non-stationary nucleation kinetics

        2.1.2 Stationary nucleation kinetics

    2.2 Classical theory of stationary nucleation      

        2.2.1 Becker and Doering approach

        2.2.2 Zeldovich-Frenkel approach

        2.2.3 Supersaturation dependence of the stationary  nucleation rate    

        2.2.4 A confrontation with experiment  

    2.3 Atomistic theory of stationary nucleation

        2.3.1 Walton-Stoyanov approach   

        2.3.2 Atomistic theory of electrochemical nucleation  

    2.4 Non-stationary nucleation    

        2.4.1 Zeldovich-Frenkel theory    

        2.4.2 Nucleation on a changing number of active sites  

3. STOCHASTIC APPROACH TO NUCLEATION    

    3.1 Temporal distribution of clusters       

        3.1.1 Stationary nucleation    

        3.1.2 Non-stationary nucleation     

        3.1.3 Confrontation with experiment  

    3.2 Spatial distribution of clusters  

        3.2.1 A general formulation

        3.2.2 A confrontation with experiment  

4. ELECTROCHEMICAL CRYSTAL GROWTH        

      4.1 Growth of an individual crystal face   

        4.1.1 Mononuclear-monolayer growth  

        4.1.2 Growth of step trains     

        4.1.3 Spiral growth of crystals  

    4.2 Growth of a hemispherical liquid drop   

        4.2.1 Pure ions’ transfer control      

        4.2.2 Combined ions’ transfer and diffusion control 

        4.2.3 Pure diffusion control       

        4.2.4 Combined ions’ transfer and ohmic control 

5. MASS ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION

    5.1 General concepts

    5.2 Progressive and instantaneous nucleation without overlap 

        5.2.1 Stationary two-dimensional nucleation

        5.2.2 Non-stationary two-dimensional nucleation

        5.2.3 Stationary three-dimensional nucleation

        5.2.4 Non-stationary three-dimensional nucleation

    5.3 Progressive and instantaneous nucleation with overlap

        5.3.1 Nucleation and growth of 2D clusters on a plane substrate

        5.3.2 Nucleation and growth of 3D clusters on a plane substrate

Author Index

Subject Index