Колоквиуми

Заседание на КОЛОКВИУМ "акад. Р. КАИШЕВ" на ИФХ-БАН

05.02.2025
Уважаеми колеги,
Във връзка с гостуването на проф. Svyatoslav Kondrat от Institute of Physical Chemistry, Warsaw и Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart по програмата CEEPUS (Central European Exchange Program for University Studies ), на 13.05.2025 (вторник) и на 15.05.2025 (четвъртък) в зала 225, етаж 2, блок 11, Институт по физикохимия, Кампус Гео Милев – БАН ще бъдат изнесени следните лекции:

 

1. На 13.05.2025 (вторник) от 10:00 ч (част I) и 14:00 ч (част II):

Electrochemistry of Nanoconfined electrolytes.

2. На 15.05.2025 (четвъртък) от 10:00 ч:
Life in a Crowded Cell: How Macromolecular Crowding shapes Diffusion and Reactions.


     

1. Electrochemistry of Nanoconfined electrolytes

Conductive nanosized pores are at the heart of cutting-edge science and technology, playing a particularly important role in capacitive energy storage. In these lectures, I will begin with a concise overview of the key properties of room-temperature ionic liquids and concentrated electrolytes, as well as microporous electrodes, central to electrical double-layer capacitors. We will then delve into the fascinating physics of confined ions [1], uncovering phenomena such as the emergence of a superionic state [2], the intriguing effects of ionophobicity [3], and the role of quantum capacitance in electrodes [4]. A central focus will be steps toward maximizing energy storage efficiency [3-6]. Notably, we will reveal the counterintuitive benefits of ionophobic pores [3,7], examine how the separation between electrodes in an electrical double-layer capacitor can influence performance [6], and how low quantum capacitance can paradoxically enhance energy storage [4].

A special focus will be placed on the dynamics of ions, exploring the nuances of in-pore ion mobility [7-9] and the complex charging and discharging behaviors [10,11]. Despite extensive research, a consensus remains elusive regarding ion diffusion, as simulations and experiments present conflicting results [7-9]. We will explore diverse charging regimes [10], revealing how nanopore clogging fundamentally slows the charging process. Finally, I will highlight innovative strategies proposed to accelerate both charging [7,10,11] and discharging [11] dynamics, offering a glimpse into the future of faster, more efficient energy storage solutions.

 

References:

  1. Kondrat, Feng, Bresme, Urbakh and Kornyshev, Theory and Simulations of Ionic Liquids in Nanoconfinement, Chem. Rev., 123, 6668 (2023)
  2. Kondrat and Kornyshev, Superionic state in double-layer capacitors with nanoporous electrodes, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 022201 (2011)
  3. Kondrat and Kornyshev, Pressing a spring: what does it take to maximize the energy storage in nanoporous supercapacitors? Nanoscale Horiz. 1, 45-52 (2016)
  4.  Verkholyak, Kuzmak, Kornyshev, Kondrat, Less is more: can low quantum capacitance boost capacitive energy storage? J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13, 10976–10980 (2022)
  5. Seltmann, Verkholyak, Gołowicz, Pameté, Kuzmak, Presser, and Svyatoslav Kondrat, Effect of cation size of binary cation ionic liquid mixtures on capacitive energy storage, J. Mol. Liq. 391 123369 (2023)
  6. Paolini, Antony, Raju, Kuzmak, Verkholyak, and Kondrat, Tuning Electrode and Separator Sizes For Enhanced Performance of Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors, ChemElectroChem e202400218 (2024)
  7. Kondrat, Wu, Quiao, and Kornyshev, Accelerating charging dynamics in subnanometre pores, Nature Mater. 13, 387 (2014)
  8. Péan, Merlet, Rotenberg, Madden, Taberna,  Daffos,  Salanne, and Simon, On the Dynamics of Charging in Nanoporous Carbon-Based Supercapacitors, ACS Nano 8, 1576 (2014)
  9. Forse, Griffin, Merlet, Carretero-Gonzalez, Raji, Trease, and Grey, Direct observation of ion dynamics in supercapacitor electrodes using in situ diffusion NMR spectroscopy, Nat Energy 2, 16216 (2017)
  10. Breitsprecher, Holm, Kondrat, Charge Me Slowly, I Am in a Hurry: Optimizing Charge–Discharge Cycles in Nanoporous Supercapacitors, ACS Nano, 12, 9733 (2018)
  11. Breitsprecher, Janssen, Srimuk, Mehdi, Presser, Holm, Kondrat, How to speed up ion transport in nanopores, Nat Commun 11, 6085 (2020)

 

 

2. Life in a Crowded Cell: How Macromolecular Crowding shapes Diffusion and Reactions

Diffusion and reactions are fundamental to understanding life. While studies often focus on dilute systems, the interior of living cells presents a stark contrast: it is crowded with macromolecules that occupy 20% to 40% of the cell volume, significantly influencing virtually all intracellular processes [1]. In this talk, I will discuss the diffusion of macromolecules [2-5] and metabolites [6], highlighting key factors relevant to crowded intracellular environments, such as polydispersity of crowders [2], shapes, interactions [3], sizes [6], and flexibilities of macromolecules [4,5]. Additionally, I will examine how crowding impacts biochemical reactions, with a particular focus on enzyme-catalyzed processes [7]. Using a coarse-grained model of immunoglobulins [5], I will demonstrate how crowding conditions influence their diffusion, structural flexibility [5], and binding cooperativity [8].

 

References:

  1. A B Fulton, How crowded is the cytoplasm. Cell, 30, 345 (1982).
  2. S Kondrat, O Zimmermann, W Wiechert, E von Lieres, The effect of composition on diffusion of macromolecules in a crowded environment,  Phys. Biol. 12, 046003 (2015).
  3. T Skóra, F Vaghefikia, J Fitter, S Kondrat, Macromolecular crowding: How shape and interactions affect diffusion, J. Phys. Chem. B 124, 7537 (2020).
  4. E Słyk, T Skóra, S Kondrat, How macromolecule softness affects diffusion under crowding, Soft Matter 18, 5366 (2022).
  5. E Słyk, T Skóra, S Kondrat, Minimal Coarse-Grained Model for Immunoglobulin G: Diffusion and Binding under Crowding, J. Phys. Chem. B 127, 7442 (2022).
  6. E Raczyłło, D Gołowicz, T Skóra, K Kazimierczuk, S Kondrat, Size Sensitivity of Metabolite Diffusion in Macromolecular Crowds, Nano Lett. 24, 4801 (2024).
  7. T Skóra, MN Popescu, S Kondrat, Conformation-changing enzymes and macromolecular crowding, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23, 9065 (2021).
  8. T Skóra, M Janssen, A Carlson, S Kondrat, Crowding-Regulated Binding of Divalent Biomolecules, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130 258401 (2023).


 

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